up:: [[Object Pronouns]] same:: [[Direct Object Prounouns]] Indirect object pronouns are pronouns that is affected by verb's action in place of the object itself. In English, an example would be **"I gave the book to her"** where **her** is the indirect object pronoun that (indirectly) receives the action of **gave**. In Greek, this example would be **Της έδωσα το βιβλίο**. Indirect object pronouns can be used for any object of a sentence that in English would be accompanied by a preposition. ## Strong and Weak Forms Indirect object pronouns have two forms: the "strong" and the "weak" forms. The strong form can stand on its own and comes after the verb - it is also considered an "emphatic" form. The weak form can not, is placed before the verb, and can't be used after prepositions. The weak form of the indirect object pronouns double as possessive pronouns and thus are in the **genitive case**, while the strong form comes after a preposition such as σε, για, and από and takes the **accusative case**, same as [[Direct Object Prounouns]] (which do not take a preposition). | | Weak form | Strong form | | --- | -------------- | ----------------- | | | μου | εμένα/μένα | | | σου | εσένα/σένα | | | του/της/του | αυτόν/αυτήν/αυτό | | | μας | εμάς/μας | | | σας | εσάς/σας | | | τους/τους/τους | αυτούς/αυτές/αυτά | The weak form can be used without a preposition, while the strong form must be used with a preposition: | Strong Form | Σε | Υια | Από | | | ----------------- | ---------------- | ----------------- | ----------------- | --- | | εμένα/μένα | σε μένα/σ΄ έμενα | για μένα | από μένα | | | εσένα/σένα | σε σένα/σ΄εσένα | για σένα | από σένα | | | αυτόν/αυτήν/αυτό | σ' αύτον/τήν/τό | για αυτόν/τήν/τό | απ΄αυτόν/τήν/τό | | | εμάς/μας | σε μας/σ΄εμάς | για μας | από μας | | | εσάς/σας | σε σας/σ΄εσάς | για σας | από σας | | | αυτούς/αυτές/αυτά | σ' αυτούς/τές/τά | για αυτούς/τές/τά | απ' αυτούς/τές/τά | | ## Combinations When using both direct and indirect object personal pronouns, the indirect object pronoun comes first, followed by the [[Direct Object Prounouns|direct object pronoun]] and then the verb. ### Examples Πήρα αυτό το βιβλίο **από σένα** ΑΠΟ ΣΕΝΑ -INDIRECT OBJECT Replace από σένα with indirect object pronoun weak form **Σου** πήρα αυτό το βιβλίο Αγοράζω γάλα **για τη Ζωή** Replace για τη Ζωή with indirect object pronoun weak form **Της** αγοράζω γάλα ## Use with Adverbs Showing Place The weak form can be used **after** adverbs that show place (e.g. κοντά, μαζί) rather than before the verb. ### Examples - Οι γονείς τους κάθονται κοντά σ΄άυτους - Οι γονείς τους [possessive pronoun] κάθονται κοντά τους [indirect object pronoun] - His parents sit near him - Ο φίλος μου μένει μαζί μου. - Ο φίλος μου μένει μαζί μ' εμένα - My friend lives with me. ## Sources - https://blogs.transparent.com/greek/personal-pronouns-direct-indirect-object/ - ![[Greek Class Notes and Todos#^lbb0dl]] ![[Greek Class Notes and Todos#^wbxbey]] ![[Greek Class Notes and Todos#^7t646g]]